<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><em style="font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: inherit; ">Lyon</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the second-largest French urban area, the first being Paris and the third Marseille. It is a major centre of business, situated betwee</span>/TITLE> <META NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><em style="font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: inherit; ">Lyon</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the second-largest French urban area, the first being Paris and the third Marseille. It is a major centre of business, situated betwee</span>Cheap Bedroom Decoration - Budget Bedrooms Décor Tips - Inexpensive Bedroom Decorating"> <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><em style="font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: inherit; ">Lyon</em><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the second-largest French urban area, the first being Paris and the third Marseille. It is a major centre of business, situated betwee</span>Here are décor tips on cheap bedroom decoration, budget bedrooms and inexpensive bedroom decorating."> <LINK HREF="/decor.css" REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css"> </HEAD> <BODY bgColor=#ffffff leftMargin=0 topMargin=0> <TABLE height=90 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" align=center border=0><TBODY> <TR> <TD align=middle width=250 height=65><font color="#336799" size="5">Lyons</font></TD> <TD align=right bgColor=#feffff> <SCRIPT type=text/javascript></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT src="christianity_files/show_ads.js" type=text/javascript> </SCRIPT> </TD></TR> </TBODY></TABLE> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <SCRIPT src="christianity_files/show_ads.js" type=text/javascript> </SCRIPT> <TABLE width="100%" border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD vAlign=top width="15%"> <TABLE borderColor=#336799 height=600 width=150 align=left bgColor=#ffffff border=1> <TBODY> <TR> <TD vAlign=top bgColor=#336799> <DIV class=headlinks align=left><font color="#FFCC00"><b> <a href="christianity.htm"><font color="#FFFFFF">Christianity</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top bgcolor="#FF99FF"> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FEFFFF"><b> <a href="Catholic.htm">Catholic</a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <b><a href="index1.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Marriage Rituals</font></a></b></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><b><a href="Amen.htm"> <font color="#FF6699">Amen</font></a></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Anglican.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Anglican</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Antwerp.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Antwerp</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left style="width: 140; height: 15"><b> <font color="#FF0000"><a href="Augsburg.htm"> <font color="#FF6699">Augsburg</font></a></font></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><b><font color="#FF0000"> <a href="blessing.htm"><font color="#FF6699">blessing</font></a></font></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><b><font color="#FF0000"> <a href="Breviaries.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Breviaries</font></a></font></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Catholiclaity.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Catholiclaity</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="ceremony.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Ceremony</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top bgColor=#FEFFFF> <DIV class=headlinks align=left><b><font color="#FF0000"> <a href="Church.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Church</font></a></font></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="clergy.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Clergy</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="consent.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Consent</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="contract.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Contract</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Douai.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Douai</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="ecclesiastical.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Ecclesiastical</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="educated.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Educated</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><b><font color="#FF0000"> <a href="Hereford.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Hereford</font></a></font></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="holyCouncilofTrent.htm"><font color="#FF6699"> HolyCouncilofTrent</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="HolyGhost.htm"><font color="#FF6699">HolyGhost</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top bgColor=#FFFFFF> <DIV class=headlinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="intention.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Intention</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Ireland.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Ireland</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Lyons.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Lyons</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="minds.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Minds</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="ministers.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Ministers</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD bgColor=#FEFFFF> <DIV class=headlinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Missals.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Missals</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><b><font color="#FF0000"> <a href="NuptialMass.htm"><font color="#FF6699">NuptialMass</font></a></font></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="PaterNoster.htm"><font color="#FF6699">PaterNoster</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD bgColor=#FEFFFF> <DIV class=headlinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="persecution.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Persecution</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD bgColor=#FEFFFF> <DIV class=headlinks align=left><b><font color="#FF0000"> <a href="priest.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Priest</font></a></font></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD bgColor=#FEFFFF> <DIV class=headlinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="rite.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Rite</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Rome.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Rome</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left style="width: 159; height: 19"> <font color="#FF0000"><b><a href="rubric.htm"> <font color="#FF6699">Rubric</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="sacrament.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Sacrament</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><font color="#FF0000"><b> <a href="Scotland.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Scotland</font></a></b></font></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top> <DIV class=sidelinks align=left><b><font color="#FF0000"> <a href="tolerance.htm"><font color="#FF6699">Tolerance</font></a></font></b></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD bgColor=#336799> <DIV class=headlinks align=left> </DIV></TD></TR> </TBODY></TABLE></TD> <TD vAlign=top width="70%"> <CENTER> <p></p> </CENTER> <DIV class=topnav><A href="http://religions.iloveindia.com/index.html">I</A></DIV> <TABLE align=center border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE width=120 align=left border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD> <SCRIPT type=text/javascript></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT src="christianity_files/show_ads.js" type=text/javascript> </SCRIPT> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <h1><font color="#336799">Lyons</font></h1>   <p>The Archdiocese of Lyons (Lugdunensis) comprises the Department of the Rhône (except the Canton of Villeurbanne, which belongs to the <a cathen/07026b.htm">Diocese of Grenoble</a>) and of the Loire. The <a cathen/04204a.htm"> Concordat of 1801</a> assigned as the boundaries of the Archdiocese of Lyons the Departments of the Rhône, the Loire, and the Ain and as suffragans the Dioceses of <a cathen/10180a.htm">Mende</a>, <a cathen/07026b.htm">Grenoble</a>, and Chambéry. The Archdiocese of Lyons was authorized by Letters <a cathen/01648b.htm">Apostolic</a> of 29 November, 1801, to unite with his title the titles of the suppressed <a cathen/10244c.htm">metropolitan</a> Sees of Vienne and Embrun (see <a cathen/07026b.htm">G<font size="-2">RENOBLE</font></a>; <a cathen/06378a.htm">G<font size="-2">AP</font></a>). In 1822 the Department of Ain was separated from the Archdiocese of Lyons to form the <a cathen/02415a.htm">Diocese of Belley</a>; the title of the suppressed church of Embrun was transferred to the <a cathen/01237e.htm">Archdiocese of Aix</a>, and the Archdiocese of Lyons and Vienne had henceforth as suffragans <a cathen/08789c.htm">Langres</a>, <a cathen/02144a.htm">Autun</a>, <a cathen/04794b.htm">Dijon</a>, St. Claude, and <a cathen/07026b.htm">Grenoble</a>. </p> <h2><font color="#336799">History</font></h2> <p>It appears to have been <a cathen/12454c.htm">proved</a> by Mgr Duchesne, despite the local traditions of many Churches, that in all three parts of Gaul in the second century there was but a single organized <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a>, that of Lyons. The "Deacon of Vienne", <a cathen/09736b.htm">martyred</a> at Lyons during the <a cathen/11703a.htm">persecution</a> of 177, was probably a <a cathen/04647c.htm">deacon</a> installed at Vienne by the <a cathen/03744a.htm">ecclesiastical</a> authority of Lyons. The confluence of the Rhône and the Saône, where sixty Gallic tribes had erected the famous <a cathen/01362a.htm">altar</a> to <a cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a> and Augustus, was also the centre from which <a cathen/03712a.htm">Christianity</a> was gradually propagated throughout Gaul. The presence at Lyons of numerous <a cathen/01777b.htm">Asiatic</a> <a cathen/03712a.htm">Christians</a> and their almost daily communications with the Orient were likely to arouse the susceptibilities of the Gallo-Romans. A <a cathen/11703a.htm">persecution</a> arose under <a cathen/02109a.htm">Marcus Aurelius</a>. Its victims at Lyons numbered forty-eight, half of them of Greek origin, half Gallo-Roman, among others <a cathen/02594a.htm">St. Blandina</a>, and St. Pothinus, first <a cathen/02581b.htm"> Bishop</a> of Lyons, sent to Gaul by <a cathen/12219b.htm">St. Polycarp</a> about the middle of the second century. The legend according to which he was sent by St. Clement dates from the twelfth century and is without foundation. The letter addressed to the <a cathen/03712a.htm"> Christians</a> of <a cathen/01777b.htm">Asia</a> and Phrygia in the name of the faithful of Vienne and Lyons, and relating the <a cathen/11703a.htm">persecution</a> of 177, is considered by Ernest Renan as one of the msot extraordinary documents possessed by any literature; it is the <a cathen/02258b.htm">baptismal</a> certificate of <a cathen/03712a.htm"> Christianity</a> in <a cathen/06166a.htm"> France</a>. The successor of St. Pothinus was the illustrious <a cathen/08130b.htm">St. Irenæus</a>, 177-202. </p> <p>The discovery on the Hill of <a cathen/13668a.htm">St. Sebastian</a> of ruins of a <i>naumachia</i> capable of being transformed into an amphitheatre, and of some fragments of inscriptions apparently belonging to an <a cathen/01362a.htm">altar</a> of Augustus, has led several archæologists to <a cathen/02408b.htm">believe</a> that the <a cathen/09736b.htm">martyrs</a> of Lyons suffered death on this hill. Very ancient tradition, however, represents the church of Ainay as erected at the place of their <a cathen/09736b.htm">martyrdom</a>. The <a cathen/04558a.htm">crypt</a> of St. Pothinus, under the choir of the church of St. Nizier was destroyed in 1884. But there are still revered at Lyons the <a cathen/12430a.htm">prison</a> cell of St. Pothinus, where Anne of <a cathen/02121b.htm"> Austria</a>, <a cathen/09371a.htm">Louis XIV</a>, and <a cathen/12132a.htm">Pius VII</a> came to <a cathen/12345b.htm">pray</a>, and the <a cathen/04558a.htm">crypt</a> of <a cathen/08130b.htm">St. Irenæus</a> built at the end of the fifth century by St. Patiens, which contains the body of <a cathen/08130b.htm">St. Irenæus</a>. There are numerous funerary inscriptions of primitive <a cathen/03712a.htm">Christianity</a> in Lyons; the earliest dates from the year 334. In the second and third centuries the See of Lyons enjoyed great renown throughout Gaul, <a cathen/15677a.htm">witness</a> the local legends of <a cathen/02525b.htm"> Besançon</a> and of several other cities relative to the missionaries sent out by <a cathen/08130b.htm">St. Irenæus</a>. Faustinus, <a cathen/02581b.htm">bishop</a> in the second half of the third century, wrote to <a cathen/04583b.htm">St. Cyprian</a> and <a cathen/14288a.htm">Pope Stephen I</a>, in 254, regarding the <a cathen/11138a.htm">Novatian</a> tendencies of <a cathen/09644a.htm">Marcian</a>, <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a> of Arles. But when <a cathen/05007b.htm">Diocletian</a> by the new provincial organization had taken away from Lyons its position as <a cathen/10244c.htm">metropolis</a> of the three Gauls, the prestige of Lyons diminished for a time. </p> <p>At the end of the empire and during the Merovingian period several <a cathen/04171a.htm">saints</a> are counted among the <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishops</a> of Lyons: <a cathen/08586a.htm"> St. Justus</a> (374-381) who died in a <a cathen/04340c.htm">monastery</a> in the <a cathen/14561a.htm">Thebaid</a> and was renowned for the <a cathen/11330a.htm"> orthodoxy</a> of his <a cathen/05075b.htm"> doctrine</a> in the struggle against <a cathen/01707c.htm">Arianism</a> (the church of the Machabees, whither his body was brought, was as early as the fifty century a place of <a cathen/12085a.htm">pilgrimage</a> under the name of the <a cathen/04114a.htm">collegiate</a> church of <a cathen/08586a.htm">St. Justus</a>), St. Alpinus and St. Martin (disciple of <a cathen/09732b.htm">St. Martin of Tours</a>; end of fourth century); St. Antiochus (400-410); St. Elpidius (410-422); St. Sicarius (422-33); <a cathen/05595a.htm">St. Eucherius</a> (c. 433-50), a <a cathen/10487b.htm">monk</a> of Lérins and the author of <a cathen/07448a.htm">homilies</a>, from whom doubtless <a cathen/04636c.htm">dates</a> the foundation at Lyons of the "hermitages" of which more will be said below; St. Patiens (456-98) who successfully combated the famine and <a cathen/01707c.htm">Arianism</a>, and whom Sidonius Apollinaris praised in a poem; St. Lupicinus (491-94); St. Rusticus (494-501); St. Stephanus (d. Before 515), who with <a cathen/02161c.htm">St. Avitus</a> of Vienne, convoked a council at Lyons for the <a cathen/04347a.htm">conversion</a> of the <a cathen/01707c.htm">Arians</a>; St. Viventiolus (515-523), who in 517 presided with <a cathen/02161c.htm">St. Avitus</a> at the Council of Epaone; St. Lupus, a <a cathen/10487b.htm">monk</a>, afterwards <a cathen/02581b.htm">bishop</a> (535-42), probably the first <a cathen/01691a.htm"> archbishop</a>, who when signing in 438 the <a cathen/11318a.htm">Council of Orléans</a> added the title of "metropolitanus"; St. Sardot or Sacerdos (549-542), who presided in 549 at the <a cathen/11318a.htm">Council of Orléans</a>, and who obtained from King Childebert the foundation of the general <a cathen/07480a.htm">hospital</a>; <a cathen/11053a.htm">St. Nicetius</a> or Nizier (552-73), who received from the <a cathen/12260a.htm">pope</a> the title of patriarch, and whose <a cathen/14773b.htm">tomb</a> was <a cathen/07462a.htm">honoured</a> by <a cathen/10338a.htm">miracles</a>. The prestige of <a cathen/11053a.htm">St. Nicetius</a> was lasting; his successor St. Priseus (573-588) bore the title of patriarch, and brought the council of 585 to decide that <a cathen/14389a.htm">national synods</a> should be convened every three years at the instance of the patriarch and of the king; St. Ætherius (588-603), who was a correspondent of <a cathen/06780a.htm">St. Gregory the Great</a> and who perhaps <a cathen/04276a.htm">consecrated</a> St. Augustine, the <a cathen/01626c.htm">Apostle</a> of <a cathen/01505x.htm">England</a>; St. Aredius (603-615); St. Annemundus or Chamond (c. 650), friend of <a cathen/15621c.htm">St. Wilfrid</a>, godfather of Clotaire III, <a cathen/12565a.htm">put to death</a> by Ebroin together with his brother, and patron of the town of Saint-Chamond; St. Genesius or Genes (660-679 or 680), <a cathen/02443a.htm">Benedictine</a> <a cathen/01015c.htm">Abbot</a> of <a cathen/06129a.htm">Fontenelle</a>, grand almoner and <a cathen/10326a.htm">minister</a> of Queen Bathilde; St. Lambertus (c. 680-690), also <a cathen/01015c.htm">Abbot</a> of <a cathen/06129a.htm">Fontenelle</a>.  </p> <p>At the end of the fifth century Lyons was the capital of the Kingdom of <a cathen/03068a.htm">Burgundy</a>, but after 534 it passed under the domination of the kings of <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a>. Ravaged by the <a cathen/10424a.htm">Saracens</a> in 725, the city was restored through the liberality of <a cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne</a> who established a rich <a cathen/09227b.htm"> library</a> in the <a cathen/04340c.htm"> monastery</a> of Ile Barbe. In the <a cathen/14726a.htm">time</a> of St. Patiens and the <a cathen/12406a.htm"> priest</a> Constans (d. 488) the <a cathen/13554b.htm">school</a> of Lyons was famous; Sidonius Apollinaris was <a cathen/05295b.htm">educated</a> there. The letter of Leidrade to <a cathen/03610c.htm"> Charlemagne</a> (807) shows the care taken by the emperor for the restoration of learning in Lyons. With the aid of the <a cathen/04647c.htm">deacon</a> <a cathen/06121b.htm">Florus</a> he made the <a cathen/13554b.htm">school</a> so prosperous that in the tenth century Englishmen went thither to study. Under <a cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne</a> and his immediate successors, the <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishops</a> of Lyons, whose ascendancy was attested by the number of councils over which they were called to preside, played an important <a cathen/14580x.htm">theological</a> part. <a cathen/01150a.htm">Adoptionism</a> had no more active enemies than Leidrade (798-814) and Agobard (814-840). When Felix of <a cathen/15223b.htm">Urgel</a> continued rebellious to the condemnations pronounced against <a cathen/01150a.htm">Adoptionism</a> from 791-799 by the Councils of Ciutad, Friuli, <a cathen/12657a.htm">Ratisbon</a>, <a cathen/06237a.htm">Frankfort</a>, and <a cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a>, <a cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne</a> conceived the <a cathen/07630a.htm">idea</a> of sending to <a cathen/15223b.htm">Urgel</a> with Nebridius, <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a> of Narbonne, and St. Benedict, <a cathen/01015c.htm">abbot</a> of the <a cathen/04340c.htm">monastery</a> of Aniane, Archbishop Leidrade, a native of <a cathen/11168a.htm">Nuremberg</a> and <a cathen/03610c.htm">Charlemagne's</a> librarian. They preached against <a cathen/01150a.htm">Adoptionism</a> in <a cathen/14169b.htm">Spain</a>, conducted Felix in 799 to the Council of <a cathen/01001a.htm">Aachen</a>, where he seemed to submit to the arguments of <a cathen/01276a.htm">Alcuin</a>, and then brought him back to his <a cathen/05001a.htm"> diocese</a>., But the submission of Felix was not complete; Agobard, "Chorepiscopus" of Lyons, convicted him anew of <a cathen/01150a.htm">Adoptionism</a> in a secret conference, and when Felix died in 815 there was found among his papers a treatise in which he professed <a cathen/01150a.htm">Adoptionism</a>. Then Agobard, who had become <a cathen/01691a.htm"> Archbishop</a> of Lyons in 814 after Leidrade's retirement to the <a cathen/04340c.htm">monastery</a> of St. Médard of <a cathen/14130c.htm">Soissons</a>, composed a long treatise which completed the ruin of that <a cathen/07256b.htm">heresy</a>. </p> <p>Agobard displayed great activity as a <a cathen/11537b.htm">pastor</a> and a publicist in his opposition to the <a cathen/08399a.htm">Jews</a> and to various <a cathen/14339a.htm">superstitions</a>. His rooted <a cathen/07149b.htm">hatred</a> for all <a cathen/14339a.htm">superstition</a> led him in his treatise on images into  certain expressions which savoured of <a cathen/07620a.htm">Iconoclasm</a>. The five historical treatises which he wrote in 833 to justify the <a cathen/04737b.htm">deposition</a> of Louis the Pious, who had been his benefactor, are a stain on his life. Louis the Pious having been restored to power, <a cathen/03459a.htm">caused</a> Agobard to be <a cathen/04737b.htm">deposed</a> in 835 by the Council of Thionville, but three years later gave him back his <a cathen/05001a.htm">see</a>, in which he died in 840. During the exile of Agobard the See of Lyons had been for a short <a cathen/14726a.htm">time</a> administered by <a cathen/01376b.htm"> Amalarius of Metz</a>, whom the <a cathen/04647c.htm">deacon</a> <a cathen/06121b.htm">Florus</a> charged with <a cathen/07256b.htm">heretical</a> opinions regarding the "triforme corpus Christi", and who took part in the controversies with <a cathen/06682a.htm"> Gottschalk</a> on the subject of <a cathen/12378a.htm">predestination</a>. Amolon (841-852) and St. Remy (852-75) continued the struggle against the <a cathen/07256b.htm">heresy</a> of <a cathen/15250a.htm">Valence</a>, which condemned this <a cathen/07256b.htm">heresy</a>, and also was engaged in strife with <a cathen/07356b.htm">Hincmar</a>. From 879-1032 Lyons formed part of the Kingdom of Provence and afterwards of the second Kingdom of <a cathen/03068a.htm">Burgundy</a>. When in 1302 Rudolph III, the Sluggard, ceded his states to Conrad the Salic, Emperor of <a cathen/06484b.htm">Germany</a>, the portion of Lyons situated on the left bank of the Saône became, at least nominally, an imperial city. Finally Archbishop Burchard, brother of Rudolph, claimed <a cathen/13055c.htm">rights</a> of sovereignty over Lyons as inherited from his mother, Mathilde of <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a>; in this way the government of Lyons instead of being exercised by the distant emperor, became a matter of dispute between the counts who claimed the inheritance and the successive <a cathen/01691a.htm"> archbishops</a>. </p> <p>Lyons attracted the attention of <a cathen/06791c.htm">Cardinal Hildebrand</a>, who held a council there in 1055 against the <a cathen/14001a.htm">simoniacal</a> <a cathen/02581b.htm">bishops</a>. In 1076, as <a cathen/06791c.htm">Gregory VII</a>, he <a cathen/04737b.htm">deposed</a> Archbishop Humbert (1063-76) for <a cathen/14001a.htm">simony</a>. Saint Gebuin (Jubinus), who succeeded Humbert was the confidant of <a cathen/06791c.htm">Gregory VII</a> and contributed to the reform of the <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> by the two councils of 1080 and 1082, at which were <a cathen/05678a.htm">excommunicated</a> Manasses of <a cathen/07356b.htm">Reims</a>, Fulk of Anjou, and the <a cathen/10487b.htm">monks</a> of Marmoutiers. It was under the episcopate of Saint Gebuin that <a cathen/06791c.htm">Gregory VII</a> (20 April, 1079) established the <a cathen/12423a.htm">primacy</a> of the <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> of Lyons over the Provinces of <a cathen/13208b.htm">Rouen</a>, <a cathen/15002a.htm">Tours</a>, and <a cathen/13716a.htm">Sens</a>, which <a cathen/12423a.htm">primacy</a> was specially confirmed by <a cathen/03185a.htm">Callistus II</a>, despite the letter written to him in 1126 by Louis VI in favour of the church of <a cathen/13716a.htm">Sens</a>. As far as it regarded the Province of <a cathen/13208b.htm">Rouen</a> this letter was later suppressed by a <a cathen/04670a.htm">decree</a> of the king's council in 1702, at the request of <a cathen/04096a.htm">Colbert</a>, <a cathen/01691a.htm">Archbishop</a> of <a cathen/13208b.htm">Rouen</a>. Hugh (1081-1106), the successor of St. Gebuin, the friend of <a cathen/01546a.htm">St. Anselm</a>, and for a while <a cathen/09118a.htm">legate</a> of <a cathen/06791c.htm">Gregory VII</a> in <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a> and <a cathen/03068a.htm">Burgundy</a>, had differences later on with <a cathen/15410a.htm">Victor III</a>, who <a cathen/05678a.htm">excommunicated</a> him for a time, also with <a cathen/11514b.htm">Paschal II</a>. The latter <a cathen/12260a.htm">pope</a> came to Lyons in 1106, <a cathen/04276a.htm">consecrated</a> the <a cathen/02325a.htm">basilica</a> of Ainay, and <a cathen/04673a.htm">dedicated</a> one of its altars in <a cathen/07462a.htm">honour</a> of the <a cathen/07674d.htm">Immaculate Conception</a>. The <a cathen/06021b.htm">Feast</a> of the <a cathen/07674d.htm">Immaculate Conception</a> was solemnized at Lyons about 1128, perhaps at the instance of <a cathen/01546a.htm">St. Anselm of Canterbury</a>, and St. Bernard wrote to the canons of Lyons to complain that they should have instituted a <a cathen/06021b.htm">feast</a> without consulting the <a cathen/12260a.htm"> pope</a>. As soon as Thomas à Becket, <a cathen/01691a.htm">Archbishop</a> of <a cathen/03299b.htm">Canterbury</a>, had been proclaimed Blessed (1173), his cult was instituted at Lyons. Lyons of the twelfth century thus has a <a cathen/06585a.htm">glorious</a> place in the history of <a cathen/03449a.htm"> Catholic</a> <a cathen/09306a.htm">liturgy</a> and even of <a cathen/05089a.htm">dogma</a>, but the twelfth century was also marked by the <a cathen/07256b.htm">heresy</a> of Peter Waldo and the <a cathen/15527b.htm">Waldenses</a>, the Poor Men of Lyons, who were opposed by Jean de Bellème (1181-1193), and by an important change in the political situation of the <a cathen/01691a.htm">archbishops</a>. </p> <p>In 1157 <a cathen/06252b.htm">Frederick Barbarossa</a> confirmed the sovereignty of the <a cathen/01691a.htm">Archbishops</a> of Lyons; thenceforth there was a lively contest between them and the counts. An <a cathen/01682b.htm">arbitration</a> effected by the <a cathen/12260a.htm">pope</a> in 1167 had no result, but by the treaty of 1173 Guy, Count of Forez, ceded to the canons of the <a cathen/12423b.htm">primatial</a> church of St. John his title of count of Lyons and his temporal authority. Then came the growth of the Commune, more belated in Lyons than in many other cities, but in 1193 the <a cathen/01691a.htm">archbishop</a> had to make some concession to the citizens. The thirteenth century was a period of conflict. Three times, in 1207, 1269, and 1290, grave troubles broke out between the partisans of the <a cathen/01691a.htm">archbishop</a> who dwelt in the château of Pierre Seize, those of the count-canons who lived in a separate quarter near the <a cathen/03438a.htm">cathedral</a>, and those of the townsfolk. <a cathen/06798a.htm"> Gregory X</a> attempted, but without success, to restore peace by two Acts, 2 April, 1273, and 11 Nov., 1274. The kings of <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a> were always inclined to side with the commune; after the siege of Lyons by Louis X (1310) the treaty of 10 April, 1312, definitively attached Lyons to the Kingdom of <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a>, but, until the beginning of the fifteenth century the <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> of Lyons was allowed to <a cathen/11152a.htm">coin</a> its own money. </p> <p>If the thirteenth century had imperilled the political sovereignty of the <a cathen/01691a.htm">archbishops</a>, it had on the other hand made Lyons a kind of second <a cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a>. <a cathen/06798a.htm">Gregory X</a> was a former canon of Lyons, while <a cathen/08018a.htm">Innocent V</a>, as Peter of Tarantaise, was <a cathen/01691a.htm">Archbishop</a> of Lyons from 1272 to 1273. The <a cathen/15446a.htm">violence</a> of the Hohenstaufen towards the <a cathen/07424b.htm">Holy See</a> forced <a cathen/08017a.htm">Innocent IV</a> and <a cathen/06798a.htm">Gregory X</a> to seek refuge at Lyons and to hold there two <a cathen/04423f.htm">general councils</a> (see <a cathen/09476a.htm">L<font size="-2">YONS,</font> C<font size="-2">OUNCILS OF</font></a>). A free and independent city of the Kingdom of <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a> as well as of the Holy Empire, located in a central position between <a cathen/08208a.htm">Italy</a>, <a cathen/14169b.htm">Spain</a>, <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a>, <a cathen/01505x.htm">England</a>, and <a cathen/06484b.htm">Germany</a>, Lyons possessed in the thirteenth century important <a cathen/04340c.htm">monasteries</a> which naturally sheltered distinguished guests and their numerous followers. For several years <a cathen/08017a.htm">Innocent IV</a> dwelt there with his court in the buildings of the  chapter of <a cathen/08586a.htm">Saint Justus</a>. Local tradition relates that it was on seeing the red hat of the canons of Lyons that the courtiers of <a cathen/08017a.htm">Innocent IV</a> conceived the <a cathen/07630a.htm">idea</a> of obtaining from the Council of Lyons its <a cathen/04670a.htm">decree</a> that the <a cathen/03333b.htm">cardinals</a> should henceforth wear red hats. The sojourn of <a cathen/08017a.htm">Innocent IV</a> at Lyons was marked by numerous works of public utility, to which the <a cathen/12260a.htm">pope</a> gave vigorous encouragement. He granted <a cathen/07783a.htm">indulgences</a> to the faithful who should assist in the construction of the bridge over the Rhône, replacing that destroyed about 1190 by the passage of the troops of Richard Cœur de Lion on their way to the <a cathen/04543c.htm">Crusade</a>. The building of the churches of St. John and <a cathen/08586a.htm">St. Justus</a> was pushed forward with activity; he sent delegates even to <a cathen/01505x.htm">England</a> to solicit <a cathen/01328f.htm">alms</a> for this purpose and he <a cathen/04276a.htm"> consecrated</a> the <a cathen/07346b.htm"> high altar</a> in both churches. At Lyons were <a cathen/04380a.htm">crowned</a> <a cathen/04020a.htm">Clement V</a> (1305) and <a cathen/08431a.htm">John XXII</a> (1310); at Lyons in 1449 the <a cathen/01582a.htm">antipope</a> <a cathen/06031b.htm">Felix V</a> renounced the <a cathen/14714c.htm">tiara</a>; there, too, was held in 1512, without any definite conclusion, the last session of the <a cathen/13529a.htm">schismatical</a> <a cathen/12112b.htm">Council of Pisa</a> against <a cathen/08562a.htm">Julius II</a>. In 1560 the <a cathen/03198a.htm">Calvinists</a> took Lyons by surprise, but they were driven out by Antoine d'Albon, <a cathen/01015c.htm">Abbot</a> of <a cathen/13489b.htm">Savigny</a> and later <a cathen/01691a.htm">Archbishop</a> of Lyons. Again masters of Lyons in 1562 they were driven thence by the <a cathen/09651a.htm">Ambrose Maréchal</a> de Vieuville. At the command of the famous Baron des Adrets they committed numerous acts of <a cathen/15446a.htm">violence</a> in the region of Montbrison. It was at Lyons that <a cathen/07230a.htm">Henry IV</a>, the <a cathen/04347a.htm">converted</a> <a cathen/03198a.htm">Calvinist</a> king, married Marie de Medicis (9 December, 1600). </p> <p>The principal <a cathen/01691a.htm"> Archbishops</a> of Lyons during the modern period were: Guy III d'Auvergne, Cardinal de Bologne (1340-1342), who as a diplomat rendered great service to the <a cathen/07424b.htm">Holy See</a>; Cardinal Jean de <a cathen/09362a.htm">Lorraine</a> (1537-1539); Hippolyte d'Este, Cardinal of <a cathen/06046a.htm">Ferrara</a> (1539-1550), whom <a cathen/06207a.htm"> Francis I</a> named protector of the crown of <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a> at the court of <a cathen/11579a.htm">Paul III</a>, and a patron of scholars; Cardinal François de Tournon (1550-1562), who negotiated several times between <a cathen/06207a.htm">Francis I</a> and <a cathen/03625a.htm">Charles V</a>, combated the <a cathen/12700b.htm">Reformation</a> and founded the Collège de Tournon, which the <a cathen/14081a.htm">Jesuits</a> later made one of the most celebrated <a cathen/13554b.htm">educational establishments</a> of the kingdom; Antoine d'Albon (1562-1574), editor of Rufinus and <a cathen/02112d.htm">Ausonius</a>; Pierre d'Epinac (1573-1599), active auxiliary of the League; Cardinal Alphonse Louis du Plessis de Richelieu (1628-1563), brother of the <a cathen/13047a.htm">minister of Louis XIII</a>; <a cathen/14505a.htm">Cardinal de Tencin</a> (1740-1758); Antoine de Montazet (1758-1788), a <a cathen/12386b.htm">prelate</a> of <a cathen/08285a.htm">Jansenist</a> tendencies, whose <a cathen/09306a.htm"> liturgical</a> works will be referred to later, and who had published for his <a cathen/13694a.htm">seminary</a> by the Oratorian Joseph <a cathen/15257a.htm">Valla</a>, six volumes of "Institutiones theologicæ" known as "Théologie de Lyon", and spread throughout <a cathen/08208a.htm">Italy</a> by Scipio Ricci until condemned by the Index in 1792; Marbeuf (1788-1799), who died in exile at Lübeck in 1799 and whose <a cathen/15402a.htm">vicar-general</a> Castillon was beheaded at Lyons in 1794; Antoine Adrien Lamourette (1742-1794), deputy to the Constitutional Assembly, who brought about by a curious speech (7 July, 1792) an understanding between all parties, to which was given the jesting name of "Baiser Lamourette", and who was constitutional <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a> of Lyons from 27 March, 1791, to 11 January, 1794, the <a cathen/04636c.htm">date</a> of his death on the scaffold. Among the <a cathen/01691a.htm">archbishops</a> subsequent to the <a cathen/04196a.htm">Concordat</a> must be mentioned: <a cathen/06050b.htm"> Joseph Fesch</a> under whose episcopate <a cathen/12132a.htm">Pius VII</a> twice visited Lyons, in Nov., 1804, and April, 1805, and in 1822 the <a cathen/12461a.htm">Society for the Propagation of the Faith</a> was founded; <a cathen/10069a.htm">Maurice</a> de Bonald (1840-1870), son of the <a cathen/12025c.htm">philosopher</a>; <a cathen/06562a.htm">Ginoulhiac</a> (1870-1875), known by his "Histoire du dogme catholique pendant let trois premiers siècles". </p> <h2><font color="#336799">Chapters and Colleges</font></h2> <p>At the end of the old regime the <a cathen/12423b.htm">primatial</a>  chapter consisted of 32 canons, each able to <a cathen/12454c.htm">prove</a> 32 degrees of military nobility; each of these canons bore the title of Count of Lyons. The <a cathen/03582b.htm">Chapter</a> of Lyons has the <a cathen/07462a.htm">honour</a> of numbering among its canons four <a cathen/12260a.htm">popes</a> (<a cathen/08017a.htm">Innocent IV</a>, <a cathen/06798a.htm">Gregory X</a>, <a cathen/02662a.htm">Boniface VIII</a>, and <a cathen/04020a.htm">Clement V</a>), 20 <a cathen/03333b.htm">cardinals</a>, 20 <a cathen/01691a.htm">archbishops</a>, more than 80 <a cathen/02581b.htm">bishops</a>, and finally 3 <a cathen/11726a.htm">persons</a> of officially recognized <a cathen/07386a.htm">sanctity</a>: St. Ismidon of Sassenage, later <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a> of Die (d. About 1116), Blessed <a cathen/09376a.htm"> Blessed Louis Aleman</a> and Blessed François <a cathen/05548b.htm">d'Estaing</a>, later <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a> of <a cathen/13107a.htm">Rodez</a> (d. In 1501). The city of Lyons numbered 5 <a cathen/04114a.htm">collegiate</a> churches and the <a cathen/05001a.htm">diocese</a> 14 others. There were 4 chapters of noble <a cathen/03255b.htm">canonesses</a>. The <a cathen/14081a.htm">Jesuits</a> had at Lyons the Collège de la Trinité, founded in 1527 by a lay confraternity which ceded it to them in 1565, the Collège Notre Dame, founded in 1630, a house of probation, a professed house, and other <a cathen/04107b.htm">colleges</a> in the <a cathen/05001a.htm">diocese</a>. <a cathen/04340c.htm">Convents</a> were perhaps more numerous here than in any other part of <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a>. The Petites Ecoles founded in 1670 by Démia, a <a cathen/12406a.htm">priest</a> of Bourg, contributed much to primary instruction at Lyons. Since the <a cathen/09053a.htm">law</a> of 1875 concerning higher <a cathen/05295b.htm"> education</a> Lyons possesses <a cathen/03449a.htm">Catholic</a> faculties of <a cathen/14580x.htm">theology</a>, letters, <a cathen/13598b.htm">sciences</a>, and <a cathen/09053a.htm">law</a>. </p> <h2><font color="#336799">Principal Saints</font></h2> <p>The Diocese of Lyons <a cathen/07462a.htm">honours</a> as <a cathen/04171a.htm">saints</a>: St. Epipodius and his companion St. Alexander, probably <a cathen/09736b.htm">martyrs</a> under <a cathen/02109a.htm">Marcus Aurelius</a>; the <a cathen/12406a.htm">priest</a> St. Peregrinus (third century); St. Baldonor (Galmier), a native of Aveizieux, at first a locksmith, whose <a cathen/12748a.htm">piety</a> was remarked by the <a cathen/02581b.htm">bishop</a>, St. Viventiolus; he became a <a cathen/04049b.htm">cleric</a> at the <a cathen/01010a.htm">Abbey</a> of <a cathen/08586a.htm">St. Justus</a>, then <a cathen/14320a.htm">subdeacon</a>, and died about 760; the thermal resort of "Aquæ Segestæ", in whose church Viventiolus met him, has taken the name of St. Galmier; St. Viator (d. About 390), who followed the <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a>, <a cathen/08586a.htm">St. Justus</a>, to the <a cathen/14561a.htm">Thebaid</a>; Sts. Romanus and Lupicinus (fifth century), natives of the Diocese of Lyons who lived as solitaries within the present territory of the Diocese of St. Claude; St. Consortia, d. about 578, who according to a legend, criticized by <a cathen/14724b.htm">Tillemont</a>, was a daughter of <a cathen/05595a.htm">St. Eucherius</a>; St. Rambert, soldier and <a cathen/09736b.htm">martyr</a> in the seventh century, patron of the town of the same name; Blessed Jean Pierre Néel, b. in 1832 at Ste. Catherine sur Riviere, <a cathen/09736b.htm">martyred</a> at Kay-Tcheou in 1862. </p> <p>Among the natives of Lyons must be mentioned Sidonius Apollinaris (430-489); Abbé Morellet, litterateur (1727-1819); the <a cathen/03712a.htm"> Christian</a> <a cathen/12025c.htm"> philosopher</a> Ballanche (1776-1847); the religious <a cathen/11395a.htm">painter</a> <a cathen/06096a.htm">Hippolyte Flandrin</a> (1809-1864); <a cathen/12584d.htm">Puvis de Chavannes</a>, <a cathen/11395a.htm">painter</a> of the  life of Ste Geneviève (1824-1898). The <a cathen/05001a.htm">diocese</a> of Lyons is also the birthplace of the <a cathen/14081a.htm">Jesuit</a> Père <a cathen/04422b.htm">Coton</a> (1564-1626), <a cathen/04215a.htm">confessor</a> of <a cathen/07230a.htm">Henry IV</a> and a native of Néronde, and Abbé Terray, controller general of finance under Louis XVI, a native of Boen (1715-1778). <a cathen/06530c.htm">Gerson</a>, whose old age was spent at Lyons in the <a cathen/04060a.htm">cloister</a> of <a cathen/11567b.htm">St. Paul</a>, where he instructed <a cathen/12327a.htm">poor</a> children, died there in 1429. <a cathen/06220a.htm">St. Francis de Sales</a> died at Lyons, 28 December, 1622. The Curé Colombet de St. Amour was celebrated at St. Etienne in the seventeenth century for the generosity with which he founded the Hôtel-Dieu (the charity <a cathen/07480a.htm"> hospital</a>), also free <a cathen/13554b.htm">schools</a>, and fed the workmen during the famine of 1693. </p> <p>M. Guigue has catalogued the eleven "hermitages" (eight of them for men and three for <a cathen/15687b.htm">women</a>) which were distinctive of the <a cathen/01767c.htm">ascetical</a>  life of <a cathen/03712a.htm"> Christian</a> Lyons in the <a cathen/10285c.htm">Middle Ages</a>; these were cells in which <a cathen/11726a.htm"> persons</a> shut themselves up for  life after four years of trial. The system of hermitages along the lines described by Grimalaius and Olbredus in the ninth century flourished especially from the eleventh to the thirteenth century, and disappeared completely in the sixteenth. These hermitages were the private <a cathen/12462a.htm">property</a> of a neighbouring church or <a cathen/04340c.htm">monastery</a>, which installed therein for  life a male or <a cathen/15687b.htm">female</a> <a cathen/07280a.htm">recluse</a>. The general almshouse of Lyons, or charity <a cathen/07480a.htm"> hospital</a>, was founded in 1532 after the great famine of 1531 under the supervision of eight <a cathen/01143a.htm"> administrators</a> chosen from among the more important citizens. The institution of the jubilee of St. Nizier <a cathen/04636c.htm">dates</a> beyond a <a cathen/05141a.htm">doubt</a> to the stay of <a cathen/08017a.htm">Innocent IV</a> at Lyons. This jubilee, which had all the <a cathen/12436b.htm">privileges</a> of the secular jubilees of <a cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a>, was celebrated each <a cathen/14726a.htm">time</a> that Low Thursday, the <a cathen/06021b.htm">feast</a> of St. Nizier, coincided with 2 April, i.e. whenever the <a cathen/05224d.htm">feast of Easter</a> itself was on the earliest day allowed by the paschal cycle, namely 22 March. In 1818, the last <a cathen/14726a.htm">time</a> this coincidence occurred, the <a cathen/06021b.htm">feast</a> of St. Nizier was not celebrated. But the <a cathen/03438a.htm">cathedral</a> of St. John also enjoys a great jubilee each <a cathen/14726a.htm">time</a> that the <a cathen/06021b.htm">feast</a> of <a cathen/08486b.htm">St. John the Baptist</a> coincides with <a cathen/04390b.htm">Corpus Christi</a>, that is, whenever the <a cathen/06021b.htm">feast</a> of <a cathen/04390b.htm">Corpus Christi</a> falls on 24 June. It is <a cathen/03539b.htm"> certain</a> that in 1451 the coincidence of these two <a cathen/06021b.htm">feasts</a> was celebrated with special splendour by the population of Lyons, then emerging from the troubles of the Hundred Years' <a cathen/15546c.htm">War</a>, but there is no document to <a cathen/12454c.htm">prove</a> that the jubilee <a cathen/07783a.htm"> indulgence</a> existed at that <a cathen/04636c.htm">date</a>. However, Lyonnese tradition places the first great jubilee in 1451; the four subsequent jubilees took place in 1546, 1666, 1734 and 1886. </p> <h2><font color="#336799">Liturgy</font></h2> <p>Some authors have held that the Gallican <a cathen/09306a.htm">Liturgy</a> was merely the <a cathen/09306a.htm">Liturgy</a> of Ephesus, brought to Gaul by the founders of the <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> of Lyons. Mgr Duchesne considers that during the two centuries after <a cathen/04295c.htm">Emperor Constantine</a> the prestige of the <a cathen/03744a.htm"> Church</a> of Lyons was not such that it could dictate a <a cathen/09306a.htm">liturgy</a> across the Pyrenees, the Channel and the Alps, and lure from Roman influence half the Churches of <a cathen/08208a.htm"> Italy</a>. In his opinion it was not Lyons, but <a cathen/10298a.htm">Milan</a>, which was the centre of the diffusion of the Gallican <a cathen/09306a.htm">Liturgy</a>. Under Leidrade and Agobard the <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> of Lyons, although fulfilling the task of purifying its <a cathen/09306a.htm">liturgical</a> texts exacted by the <a cathen/07424b.htm">Holy See</a>, upheld its own traditions. "Among the Churches of <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a>", wrote St. Bernard to the canons of Lyons, "that of Lyons has hitherto had ascendancy over all the others, as much for the dignity of its see as for its praiseworthy institutions. It is especially in the <a cathen/11219a.htm"> Divine Office</a> that this judicious <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> has never readily acquiesced in unexpected and sudden novelties, and has never submitted to be tarnished by innovations which are becoming only to youth". In the seventeenth century <a cathen/02645b.htm">Cardinal Bona</a>, in his treatise "De divina psalmodia", renders similar homage to the <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> of Lyons. But in the eighteenth century <a cathen/02581b.htm">Bishop</a> Montazet, contrary to the <a cathen/03052b.htm">Bull</a> of <a cathen/12130a.htm">Pius V</a> on the <a cathen/02768b.htm">Breviary</a>, changed the text of the <a cathen/02768b.htm"> Breviary</a> and the <a cathen/10354c.htm"> Missal</a>, from which there resulted a whole century of troubles for the <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> of Lyons. The efforts of <a cathen/12134b.htm">Pius IX</a> and <a cathen/02647b.htm">Cardinal Bonald</a> to suppress the innovations of Montazet provoked great resistance on the part of the canons, who <a cathen/06021a.htm">feared</a> an attempt against the traditional Lyonnese <a cathen/03538b.htm">ceremonies</a>. This culminated in 1861 in a protest on the part of the <a cathen/04049b.htm">clergy</a> and the <a cathen/08748a.htm">laity</a>, as much with regard to the <a cathen/02137c.htm">civil power</a> as to the <a cathen/15276b.htm">Vatican</a>. Finally, on 4 Feb., 1864, at a reception of the <a cathen/11499b.htm">parish</a> <a cathen/12406a.htm">priests</a> of Lyons, <a cathen/12134b.htm"> Pius IX</a> declared his displeasure at this agitation and assured them that nothing should be changed in the ancient Lyonnese <a cathen/03538b.htm">ceremonies</a>; by a <a cathen/03052b.htm">Brief</a> of 17 March, 1864, he ordered the progressive introduction of the <a cathen/16013a.htm">Roman Breviary</a> and <a cathen/10354c.htm">Missal</a> in the <a cathen/05001a.htm">diocese</a>. The <a cathen/12423b.htm">primatial</a> church of Lyons adopted them for public services 8 December, 1869. One of the most touching <a cathen/13064b.htm">rites</a> of the ancient Gallican <a cathen/09306a.htm">liturgy</a>, retained by the <a cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a> of Lyons, is the <a cathen/02599b.htm">blessing</a> of the people by the <a cathen/02581b.htm"> bishop</a> at the moment of Communion. </p> <h2><font color="#336799">Churches</font></h2> <p>The <a cathen/03438a.htm">cathedral</a> of St. John, begun in the twelfth century on the ruins of a sixth century church, was completed in 1476; worthy of note are the two crosses to right and left of the <a cathen/01362a.htm">altar</a>, preserved since the council of 1274 as a symbol of the union of the churches, and the Bourbon <a cathen/03574b.htm">chapel</a>, built by Cardinal de Bourbon and his brother Pierre de Bourbon, son-in-law of Louis XI, a masterpiece of fifteenth century <a cathen/13641b.htm">sculpture</a>. The church of Ainay, dating from the tenth and eleventh centuries, is of the Byzantine style. The doorway of St. Nizier's (fifteenth century) was carved in the sixteenth century by Philibert Delorme. The <a cathen/04114a.htm">collegiate</a> church of St. John Baptist at St. Chamond, now destroyed, presented a singular arrangement; the <a cathen/02394d.htm">belfry</a> was situated below the church, to which those coming from the city could only gain access by climbing two hundred steps; the roof of the church served as pavement for the courtyard of the fortress, the circuit of which might be made in a carriage. </p> <h2><font color="#336799">Pilgrimages</font></h2> <p>The chief <a cathen/12085a.htm"> pilgrimages</a> of the <a cathen/05001a.htm"> diocese</a> are Notre Dame de Fourvières, a <a cathen/13431a.htm">sanctuary</a> dating from the <a cathen/14726a.htm">time</a> of St. Pothinus, on the site of a <a cathen/14495a.htm">temple</a> of Venus. In 1643 the people of Lyons <a cathen/04276a.htm"> consecrated</a> themselves to Notre Dame de Fourvières and pledged themselves to a solemn <a cathen/12446c.htm">procession</a> on 8 September of each year; the new <a cathen/02325a.htm">basilica</a> of Fourvières, <a cathen/04276a.htm"> consecrated</a> in 1896, attracts numerous <a cathen/12085a.htm">pilgrims</a>. Notre Dame de Benoite-Vaux at Saint-Etienne, a <a cathen/12085a.htm">pilgrimage</a> founded in 1849 by the <a cathen/09750b.htm">Marists</a> who had been <a cathen/10338a.htm"> miraculously</a> preserved from a flood; Notre-Dame de Valfleury, near Saint Chamond, a <a cathen/12085a.htm">pilgrimage</a> dating from the eighth century and re-established in 1629 after a plageue; Notre Dame de Vernay, near Roanne. </p> <h2><font color="#336799">Religious Congregations</font></h2> <p>In 1901, before the application of the Associations Law to congregations the Diocese of Lyons possessed <a cathen/03320b.htm">Capuchins</a>, <a cathen/14081a.htm">Jesuits</a>, Camillians, <a cathen/12354c.htm">Dominicans</a>, <a cathen/03354a.htm">Carmelites</a>, <a cathen/11184b.htm">Oblates of Mary Immaculate</a>, <a cathen/12683a.htm"> Redemptorists</a>, <a cathen/13378a.htm"> Sulpicians</a>, <a cathen/04049b.htm">Clerics</a> of St. Viator, and three great orders native to the <a cathen/05001a.htm">diocese</a>: (1) the <a cathen/09750b.htm">Marists</a>, founded by <a cathen/04101a.htm">Ven. Colin</a> and approved by <a cathen/07006a.htm">Gregory XVI</a> in 1836; they had their mother-house at Lyons, which governed a number of establishments in <a cathen/01505x.htm">England</a>, <a cathen/08098b.htm">Ireland</a>, <a cathen/02395a.htm">Belgium</a>, <a cathen/14169b.htm">Spain</a>, America, <a cathen/11040a.htm"> New Zealand</a>, and <a cathen/02113b.htm">Australia</a>, and they were charged with the <a cathen/15401b.htm">Vicariates Apostolic</a> of <a cathen/10781b.htm">New Caledonia</a> (since 1847), of <a cathen/11200b.htm">Central Oceania</a> (since 1842), Fuji (since 1844), <a cathen/13421a.htm">Samoa</a>, and the <a cathen/16067c.htm">Prefecture Apostolic</a> of the Solomon Islands. (2) The <a cathen/01181a.htm">African</a> missionaries (Missionnaires d'Afrique), an association of <a cathen/13675a.htm">secular priests</a> founded in 1856 by Mgr de Marion-Bresillac and charged with the <a cathen/16082a.htm">Vicariate Apostolic</a> of <a cathen/02480a.htm">Benin</a> (1860), with the five Prefectures <a cathen/01648b.htm">Apostolic</a> of Ivory Coast (1895), Gold Coast (1879), <a cathen/11073c.htm">Nigeria</a> (1884), <a cathen/04603b.htm">Dahomey</a> (1882), and the <a cathen/04701c.htm">Delta of the Nile</a>. This congregation has two <a cathen/13585a.htm">Apostolic schools</a>, at Clermont-Ferand and at <a cathen/04370b.htm">Cork</a>, <a cathen/08098b.htm">Ireland</a>; and two preparatory <a cathen/13554b.htm">schools</a> at <a cathen/10681a.htm">Nantes</a> and Keer-Maestricht, <a cathen/10759a.htm"> Holland</a>. (3) The <a cathen/09749c.htm"> Little Brothers of Mary</a>, founded 2 January, 1817 by Ven. Marcellin Champagnat, <a cathen/15401a.htm">vicar</a> at <a cathen/15257a.htm">Valla</a>, d. 1840. The mother-house at Saint Genis-Laval, near Lyons, governs 7000 members, 14 novitiates, 25 juniorates, and about 800 <a cathen/13554b.htm">schools</a>, either elementary, agricultural or secondary, in <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a>, <a cathen/02395a.htm">Belgium</a>, <a cathen/04722c.htm">Denmark</a>, <a cathen/14169b.htm">Spain</a>, Great Britain, <a cathen/08208a.htm">Italy</a>, <a cathen/14358a.htm">Switzerland</a>, Turkey, <a cathen/03227a.htm">Canada</a>, Mexico, <a cathen/02745c.htm"> Brazil</a>, the <a cathen/15156a.htm">United States</a>, <a cathen/04121b.htm">Colombia</a>, <a cathen/05329b.htm">Egypt</a>, <a cathen/03308c.htm">Cap Haïtien</a>, Seychelles, <a cathen/14399a.htm">Syria</a>, <a cathen/01663a.htm">Arabia</a>, <a cathen/03663b.htm">China</a>, <a cathen/02113b.htm">Australia</a>, <a cathen/11040a.htm">New Zealand</a>, <a cathen/10781b.htm">New Caledonia</a>, Central Oceanica. </p> <p>The <a cathen/02802b.htm">Brothers of St. John of God</a> have their mother-house for <a cathen/06166a.htm">France</a> at Lyons. The Society of the <a cathen/12406a.htm">Priests</a> of <a cathen/08130b.htm">St. Irenæus</a> is engaged in teaching and giving <a cathen/05001a.htm">diocesan</a> missions. In 1901 the Diocese of Lyons had a <a cathen/05001a.htm">diocesan</a> "grand séminaire" and a <a cathen/15188a.htm"> university</a> <a cathen/13694a.htm">seminary</a> at Lyons, a <a cathen/13694a.htm"> seminary</a> of <a cathen/12025c.htm"> philosophy</a> at Alix and five "petits séminaires" at St. Jean de Lyon, Duerne, St. Jodard, Vernières, and Montbrison; the first of these was founded under <a cathen/03610c.htm"> Charlemagne</a>. </p> <p>The <a cathen/15687b.htm">female</a> congregations native to the Diocese of Lyons are numerous; the following deserve special mention: The Sisters of Notre Dame de Fourvières, founded 1732 at Usson, for teaching and nursing, with the mother-house at Lyons; the Sisters of St. Charles, founded 1680 by the Abbé Démia, teaching and nursing, with mother-house at Lyons; the <a cathen/11698a.htm">Religious of the Perpetual Adoration</a> of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, founded 1820 by the Curé Ribier, with their mother-house at Lajarasse; the Religious of the Five Wounds of Our Lord, founded at Lyons in 1886 as a <a cathen/04329a.htm"> contemplative</a>, nursing, and teaching order, which has houses in <a cathen/03227a.htm">Canada</a>; the Sisters of the Child Jesus, teaching, with their mother-house at Claveisolles, the origin of which dates from the opening of a little <a cathen/13554b.htm">school</a> in 1830 by Josephine du Sablon; the <a cathen/06217a.htm">Franciscan</a> Sisters of the Propagation of the <a cathen/05752c.htm">Faith</a>, founded in 1836 by Mother Moyne for the care of incurables with mother-house at Lyons; the Religious of Jesus-Mary, a teaching congregation, founded in 1818 by the <a cathen/12406a.htm"> priest</a> André Coindre and Claudine Thevenet, whose mother-house installed at Lyons governs a number of houses abroad; the Ladies of Nazareth, teaching, founded in 1822 at Montmirail (Marne) by the Duchesse de La <a cathen/09005a.htm"> Rochefoucauld</a> Doudeauville, whose mother-house removed to Oullins in 1854 governs several establishments in Palestine and at <a cathen/09341a.htm">London</a>; the Religious of Our Lady of Missions, founded at Lyons in 1861 for the missions of Oceanica; the <a cathen/01010a.htm">abbey</a> of the <a cathen/02443a.htm">Benedictines</a> of the Holy Heart of Mary, founded 1804, the first house of this congregation to be restored after the <a cathen/13009a.htm">Revolution</a>; the Religious of the Holy Family, founded in 1825 by the Curé of <a cathen/03014a.htm">St. Bruno</a> les Chartreux for mission work among workmen; the Sisters of <a cathen/06221a.htm">St. Francis of Assisi</a>, founded in 1838 by <a cathen/12748a.htm"> pious</a> working <a cathen/15687b.htm">women</a> for <a cathen/05295b.htm">education</a> and nursing, with mother-house at Lyons, also sends subjects to the missions of <a cathen/01736b.htm">Armenia</a> and America. </p> <h2><font color="#336799">Statistics</font></h2> <p>At the end of the nineteenth century the religious congregations maintained in the Diocese of Lyons 2 maternity <a cathen/07480a.htm">hospitals</a>, 3 day nurseries, 193 nurseries, 2 children's <a cathen/07480a.htm">hospitals</a>, 9 <a cathen/07480a.htm">hospitals</a> for incurables, 1 asylum for blind girls, 4 asylums for deaf mutes, 5 boys' <a cathen/11322b.htm">orphanages</a>, 49 girls' <a cathen/11322b.htm">orphanages</a>, 4 workrooms, 3 industrial <a cathen/13554b.htm">schools</a>, 2 <a cathen/13554b.htm">schools</a> of apprentices, 5 institutions for the rescue of young <a cathen/15687b.htm">women</a>, 1 house of correction for young <a cathen/15687b.htm"> women</a>, 1 house of correction for boys, 3 institutions for the reform of adults, 61 <a cathen/07480a.htm">hospitals</a>, infirmaries, or asylums for the aged, 19 houses for the care of the sick in their homes, 2 homes for convalescents, 5 houses of <a cathen/12795b.htm">retreat</a>, 2 <a cathen/08038b.htm">insane asylums</a>. In 1908, three years after the Separation Law went into effect, the Archdiocese of Lyons had 1,464,665 inhabitants, 74 <a cathen/11499b.htm">parishes</a>, 595 branch churches, 585 vicariates. </p> <p> </p> <p><BR> </p> <DIV align=center>  <center> <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/custom" target="_top"> <table bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr><td nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" align="left" height="32"> <a href="http://www.google.com/"> <img src="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_25wht.gif" border="0" alt="Google" align="middle" width="75" height="32"></img></a> <label for="sbi" style="display: none">Enter your search terms</label> <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" id="sbi"></input> <label for="sbb" style="display: none">Submit search form</label> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" id="sbb"></input> <input type="hidden" name="client" value="pub-8818984602816862"></input> <input type="hidden" name="forid" value="1"></input> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"></input> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="ISO-8859-1"></input> <input type="hidden" name="safe" value="active"></input> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="GALT:#2D6E89;GL:1;DIV:#FFFFFF;VLC:006699;AH:center;BGC:FFFFFF;LBGC:215670;ALC:006699;LC:006699;T:006699;GFNT:215670;GIMP:215670;FORID:1"></input> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="en"></input> </td></tr></table> </form> </center>  </DIV></TD> </DIV></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <table align="center" width="80%"> <tr><td valign="bottom"> <p align="center"> </td></tr></table> <p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><br> <br> Advanced Search<br> Preferences<br> Search: the web pages from India<br> Web<br> Results 1 - 100 of about 20,300,000 for Lyons [definition]. (0.28 seconds) <br> Search Results<br> Lyon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br> Lyon is the second-largest French urban area, the first being Paris and the third Marseille. It is a major centre of business, situated between Paris and ...<br> en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon - 161k - <br> Lyons - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br> 6 Dec 2008 ... Lyons, Australian Capital Territory · Division of Lyons (state), a state electoral division of Tasmania; Division of Lyons, a federal ...<br> en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyons - 24k - <br> More results from en.wikipedia.org »<br> Gia Lyons - LinkedIn<br> View Gia Lyons's professional profile on LinkedIn. LinkedIn is the world's largest business network, helping professionals like Gia Lyons discover inside ...<br> www.linkedin.com/in/gialyons - 17k - <br> Andrew Ford Lyons - LinkedIn<br> View Andrew Ford Lyons's professional profile on LinkedIn. LinkedIn is the world's largest business network, helping professionals like Andrew Ford Lyons ...<br> www.linkedin.com/in/drew3000 - 26k - <br> More results from www.linkedin.com »<br> See results for: leons</font><br> <font color="#FFFFFF"><br> Leon's Furniture Store<br> Furniture, appliances and electronics.<br> www.leons.ca/<br> Leon's Furniture Ottawa West<br> Leon's Furniture Ottawa West LEON'S FURNITURE OTTAWA WEST 2600 Queensview Drive <br> Ottawa West, ON K2B8K2 (613)820-6446 Store Hours: Mo,Tu,Wed,Th,Fr 10:00AM ...<br> wikimapia.org/57209/Leon-s-Furniture-Ottawa-West<br> Ponce de Leon's FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH<br> Visitors can stroll the gardens, see exhibits and drink from the legendary <br> fountain.<br> www.fountainofyouthflorida.com/<br> Also see lyons france<br> Video results for Lyons<br> <br> <br> urban and freestyle trial in Lyon<br> 2 min 37 sec<br> www.youtube.com<br> <br> <br> GABE LYONS ON CNN<br> 4 min 32 sec<br> www.youtube.com<br> News results for Lyons<br> <br> KY3 Traffic violations put MU’s Lyons on suspension - 12 Jan 2009<br> 2 scorer Leo Lyons from the Missouri basketball team, according to a statement from coach Mike Anderson released Monday. And that, Anderson said later in ...<br> Kansas City Star - 116 related articles »<br> Neighbour charged in Granny murder - Winnipeg Sun - 19 related articles »<br> UK: Roslyn Lyons Masters Scholarships, Music Department, The ...<br> Roslyn Lyons Masters ScholarshipsFour scholarships are available annually providing full fees for two home and two overseas full time students, ...<br> www.scholarshipnet.info/postgraduate/uk-roslyn-lyons-masters-scholarships-music-department-the-university-of-york/ - 23k - <br> UK: Sir Jack Lyons Research Scholarship, Music Department, The ...<br> UK: Roslyn Lyons Masters Scholarships, Music Department, The University of York · USA: Postdoctoral Position in Physical Chemistry, State University of New ...<br> www.scholarshipnet.info/postgraduate/uk-sir-jack-lyons-research-scholarship-music-department-the-university-of-york/ - 23k - <br> Lyons<br> www.lyonsarch.com.au/ - 7k - <br> Lyons Colorado - The Lyons Area Chamber of Commerce - Lyons Co.<br> Lyons Colorado Chamber of Commerce. Upcoming events. Biking trails, hiking, planet bluegrass, real estate in Lyons, stone, lodging, restaurants, ...<br> www.lyons-colorado.com/ - 16k - <br> Lyons, Colorado - Lyons Community Information - Town of Lyons<br> Lyons community information. A traditional small-town atmosphere.<br> www.lyons-colorado.com/community/town_of_lyons.htm - 23k - <br> Lyons, Colorado<br> Town of Lyons, Colorado - Double Gateway to Rockies.<br> Show map of 432 5th Ave, Lyons, CO 80540, USA<br> townoflyons.com/ - 34k - <br> Rich Lyons - Personal Web Site<br> Personal page at the Haas School of Business provides research on currency market microstructure.<br> www.haas.berkeley.edu/~lyons - 53k - <br> Precision Metal Stamping, Rapid Prototyping, Progressive Dies and ...<br> Lyons Tool and Die has been specializing in precision metal stamping, rapid prototyping, progressive dies & medical device manufacturing for over 50 years.<br> www.lyons.com/ - 13k - <br> Steven D. Price |jessie Shiers's Lyons Press Horsemans Dictionary ...<br> Lyons Press Horsemans Dictionary:full Explanations Of More Than 1000 Terms And Phrases Used By Horsemen Past And Present book, by Steven D. Price |jessie ...<br> books.rediff.com/bookshop/bkproductdisplay.jsp?Steven-D-Price-%7Cjessie-Shiers-Full-Explanations-Of... - 17k - <br> LYONS PRESThe Gold-Plated Porsche: How I Sank a Small Fortune Into ...<br> LYONS PRESThe Gold-Plated Porsche: How I Sank a Small Fortune Into a Used Car, and Other Misadventures at rediff books.<br> books.rediff.com/bookshop/publisherbooks.jsp?lookfor=LYONS%20PRES&search=1 - 91k - <br> More results from books.rediff.com »<br> CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lyons<br> Comprises the Department of the Rhone (except the Canton of Villeurbanne, which belongs to the Diocese of Grenoble) and of the Loire.<br> www.newadvent.org/cathen/09472a.htm - 76k - <br> John Lyons : America's Most Trusted Horseman<br> Learn from the most well known and respected horse trainer in the US - John Lyons. Site includes symposium and training information, horse related products, ...<br> www.johnlyons.com/ - 60k - <br> Weather Lyons IN Weather Forecast - Find Local Weather<br> Weather, Lyons IN Current Weather Forecast - Find local Lyons weather forecasts and current conditions for Lyons IN Traveler Weather - Cheap Hotels and ...<br> www.findlocalweather.com/forecast/in/lyons.html - 43k - <br> Esther Mary Lyons - Contributing writer on Boloji.com<br> Esther Mary Lyons was born in Calcutta in 1940. She is currently in Australia and an author of various books. Her books "Unwanted" and "Bitter Sweet Truth" ...<br> www.boloji.com/writers/eml.htm - 19k - <br> Bitter Sweet Truth by Esther Mary Lyons<br> UNWANTED! is a story with an alluring backdrop of the subcontinent of exotic India. It is a heartbreaking story of a child who is unwanted by the man who ...<br> www.boloji.com/bookreviews/003.htm - 31k - <br> Lyons, KS<br> The community home page for Lyons, Kansas, with information on schools, churches , business, recreation, and government.<br> skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/Lyons/index.html - 6k - <br> Home Page Village of Lyons<br> Welcome to the Village of Lyons Web Site! ... The Village of Lyons N.Y. has been accepted for the Main Street program! ...<br> www.villageoflyons.com/ - 15k - <br> Lyons Nebraska » Home<br> The City of Lyons Nebraska 2.3.3. ... Welcome to the City of Lyons! It is my distinct pleasure to provide you with a glimpse into our wonderful little ...<br> Show map of 305 Main St, Lyons, NE 68038, USA<br> www.cityoflyons.net/ - 22k - <br> USA Oregon Lyons<br> Lyons (44°46'12"N 122°36'35"W). North Santiam State Park. 1.<br> wikimapia.org/country/USA/Oregon/Lyons/ - 5k - <br> USA Colorado Lyons<br> Lyons (40°13'11"N 105°16'11"W) ... Lyons, CO · Diamond Shamrock · Hall Ranch Open Space Trailhead · Rabbit Mountain Open Space ... Cemex Lyons Cement Plant ...<br> wikimapia.org/country/USA/Colorado/Lyons/ - 6k - <br> More results from wikimapia.org »<br> Lyons Magnus<br> A leader in the foodservice industry, Lyons develops and markets quality products with innovative packaging to meet the needs of Foodservice, Ingredient and ...<br> www.lyonsmagnus.com/ - 18k - <br> A1Books Partner Indiatimes - JOHN LYONS' TROUBLESHOOTING by John ...<br> JOHN LYONS' TROUBLESHOOTING,Buy JOHN LYONS' TROUBLESHOOTING,John Lyons JOHN LYONS' TROUBLESHOOTING,Buy the JOHN LYONS' TROUBLESHOOTING by John Lyons,Online ...<br> www.a1books.co.in/cobrand/searchdetail.do?itemCode=1929164319 - 24k - <br> Lyon Workspace Products - Storage Solution Experts - Lockers ...<br> Lyon Workspace Products, headquartered in Aurora, IL, is an innovator, manufacturer and marketer of storage systems and workspace products.<br> www.lyonmetal.com/ - 15k - <br> J. Lyons & Co.<br> A site describing J. Lyons & Co national caterer and food manufacturer.<br> www.kzwp.com/lyons/ - 25k - <br> Lyons City Pages on Yahoo! Local. Find Businesses, Services and ...<br> Yahoo! Local has Lyons business reviews, top rated services, and events near Lyons, IN. Use interactive maps, driving directions reviews and ratings to find ...<br> local.yahoo.com/IN/Lyons - 40k - <br> City of Lyons<br> Welcome to the City of Lyons, Kansas... An Unexpected Pleasure ... Please accept our invitation, you will find Lyons to be AN UNEXPECTED PLEASURE! ...<br> www.lyonsks.org/ - 20k - <br> Animal Rescue Kerala (ARK) - avis lyons<br> Avis Lyons, founder of ARK. Avis was born in London, and lived there until 1990 when she ... Avis feeds the kittens. Animal Rescue Kerala Avis Lyons,Founder ...<br> www.animalrescuekerala.org/avis%20lyons.htm - 9k - <br> georgia.gov - City of Lyons<br> Lyons, the county seat of Toombs County, was incorporated December 9, 1897. The town, referred to as "The Tobacco Center", was named in honor of a promoter ...<br> lyons.georgia.gov/ - 9k - <br> Mary E. Lyons - Books for Young Readers<br> Choose a book to explore: Listen to an interview with Mary E. Lyons. Letters from a Slave Boy: The Story of Joseph Jacobs ...<br> www.lyonsdenbooks.com/ - 8k - <br> Lyons USD 405<br> Lyons used pressure defense and an efficient fast break to secure victory and raise their record to 3-4. Matt Vincent led all scorers with 15 points, ...<br> www.usd405.com/ - 34k - <br> Davenport Lyons<br> London based commercially focused law firm acting for businesses and entrepreneurial clients from a range of market sectors including media, entertainment, ...<br> www.davenportlyons.com/ - 12k - <br> Lyons Central School District<br> Full Calendar. Sorry, no news to report today. All School News. Lyons Central School District 10 Clyde Road Lyons, NY 14489 (315) 946-2200.<br> Show map of 10 Clyde Rd, Lyons, NY 14489, USA<br> www.lyonscsd.org/ - 18k - <br> Australia's Prime Ministers - Meet a PM - Lyons<br> Joseph Lyons was Prime Minister for seven years – only a few days short of matching the then record term of WM Hughes. He was the first Australian Prime ...<br> primeministers.naa.gov.au/meetpm.asp?pmId=10 - 15k - <br> Lyons Press<br> The Lyons Press is proud to publish the most distinguished list of fishing books in the world as well as quality works on horses, nature, camping, ...<br> www.lyonspress.com/ - 6k - <br> Hilliard Lyons<br> At Hilliard Lyons, we provide comprehensive financial planning services and customized advice. Our focus on planning includes the ever important arenas of ...<br> www.hilliard.com/ - 7k - <br> Restaurants at Lyons Village - The Mill Restaurant - Cafe La Serre ...<br> The Village at Lyons can cater for a host of different corporate and private functions including meetings, product launches, private dining, ...<br> www.villageatlyons.com/ - 23k - <br> California Homes for Sale, Arizona Real Estate,Homes in Nevada ...<br> If you are searching for California homes for sale you should start with William Lyon Homes. William Lyon offers a diversified selection of new homes for ...<br> www.lyonhomes.com/ - 9k - <br> en - Site Officiel de la Ville de Lyon<br> Welcome to the official web site of the City of Lyon. This site is meant to be a special link between the people of Lyon and their city hall, as well as the ...<br> www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/ - 37k - <br> Max Lyons Digital Image Gallery<br> Galleries of digital camera images created by joining two or more individual pictures into one larger composite scene.<br> www.tawbaware.com/maxlyons/ - 26k - <br> [PDF] COAL INDIA LIMITED . Civil Engineering Division 6, Lyons Range(1 ...<br> File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML<br> Manager(Civil), Coal India Limited, 6-Lyons Range(1st floor), Kolkata – 700 001 ... Notice Board of Civil Engineering Office at 6, Lyons Range and 44 Park ...<br> www.coalindia.nic.in/Tender%20CIL%20CIVIL%20LordSinhaRd040408.pdf - Similar pages<br> Russell Lyons<br> php.indiana.edu/~rdlyons/ - Similar pages<br> The Lyons Foundation ~ the charitable branch of Lyons Enterprises ...<br> As the charitable branch of Lyons Enterprises Inc. (LEI), the Lyons Foundation is dedicated to assisting charities by offering growth strategy, ...<br> www.thelyonsfoundation.com/ - 11k - <br> Russell Lyons<br> mypage.iu.edu/~rdlyons - Similar pages<br> The Singing Donkey by Esther Mary Lyons<br> The washer man hurried off, carrying the bundle of dirty clothes on his head and leaving the donkey behind. – Esther Mary Lyons April 22, 2000 ...<br> www.bolokids.com/archives/066.htm - 14k - <br> CJ Lyons, Medical Suspense Author<br> Home of pediatric emergency medicine physician and award-winning, bestselling author CJ Lyons. CJ's debut novel LIFELINES became a National Bestseller and ...<br> cjlyons.net/ - 18k - <br> Real Dan Lyons Web Site<br> Who is The Fake Steve Jobs Real Dan Lyons? Check out my biography. We couldn't make this stuff up... Read more. Upcoming Events:. May 21-23, 2008 ...<br> realdanlyons.com/ - 15k - <br> Lyons Den - Movie Reviewer & Film Reviews | E! Online<br> More from Lyons Den. It's happening already—the Golden Globes kick off the .... 12, 2008 12:30 PM PST by Ben Lyons. There isn't a hotter movie out there ...<br> www.eonline.com/uberblog/lyons_den/index.html - 108k - <br> Todd Lyons.com.....What Up!<br> Whats TL been up to? Click Here For Todd's Latest Update!<br> www.toddlyons.com/ - 8k - <br> Lyons Range<br> Lyons Range. KOLKATA: THE Calcutta Stock Exchange on Wednesday saw the CSE-50 index slip on depressed sentiment. The index, touching a low of 116.74, ...<br> www.hinduonnet.com/businessline/2001/07/19/stories/051962yy.htm - 6k - <br> T.J.Lyons's Home Page<br> Wallis Professor of Mathematics, Oxford. Research interests: Stochastic analysis , particularly the control of non-linear systems driven by rough paths.<br> sag.maths.ox.ac.uk/tlyons/ - 5k - <br> Lyons Imaging: Maritime Photography<br> Lyons Imaging is a Maritime Photographer in the San Francisco/Bay Area who captures images of yachts, boats, shipping, cruising yachts, and local regattas.<br> www.lyonsimaging.com/ - 7k - <br> Aviation Art by Sam Lyons | Bring the amazing aviation artwork of ...<br> If you're looking to buy wonderful aviation art, this is the place. In his 20- plus year career, Sam has created the most memorable prints for pilots and ...<br> www.lyonsstudio.com/ - 16k - <br> Borough of Lyons<br> Official website of the Borough of Lyons, Lyon Station, Berks County, Pennsylvania.<br> www.lyonsborough.com/ - 12k - <br> Cows With Guns - Home<br> Jane Goodall and Dana Lyons Circle The World Songs and Stories. Now available on CD. ... "The Tree" written by Dana Lyons and illustrated by Dave Danioth. ...<br> www.cowswithguns.com/ - 21k - <br> Kim Lyons :: Personal Trainer :: Co-Trainer of NBC Hit The Biggest ...<br> Written by Kimberly Lyons, Trainer on NBC's The Biggest Loser IFBB Weider Athlete Bachelor of Science Degree- Human Development and Nutrition, ...<br> www.kimlyons.com/ - 2k - <br> Amelia Lyon Photography Blog<br> Yeah right, I've got to check the Lyons blog for updates. Yep, got one...and it's pretty good. ..... Amelia Lyon Photography Blog, All Rights Reserved ...<br> www.amelialyon.net/ - 84k - <br> James Lyons (I)<br> Editor: The Virgin Suicides. Visit IMDb for Photos, Filmography, Discussions, Bio, News, Awards, Agent, Fan Sites.<br> www.imdb.com/name/nm0529071/ - 29k - <br> Zan Lyons<br> 27 september - jersey film festival 03 october - raindance film festival 18 october - madrid optica festical. hope to see you there! zan lyons ...<br> www.zanlyons.com/ - 11k - <br> Welcome to DanaLyons.com<br> Jane Goodall and Dana Lyons Circle The World Songs and Stories ... Jane Goodall/ Dana Lyons Circle The World. Dr. Jane Goodall and another great ape ...<br> www.danalyons.com/ - 14k - <br> Lyons<br> 10 Jan 2007 ... Lyons divisional profile map and area. ... Area and Location Description: Lyons, covers an area of approximately 40 604 sq km is the largest ...<br> www.aec.gov.au/profiles/L/Lyons.htm - 21k - <br> Cricket Statistics - Players Profile - RT Lyons,Scotland<br> This page is dedicated to RT Lyons,Scotland. You can have the glimpse on his records -batting, fielding and bowling.<br> thatscricket.oneindia.in/statistics/players/scotland/rt-lyons.html - 34k - <br> Understanding Digital Signal Processing by Lyons | Ebookee Free ...<br> Download Free eBook:Understanding Digital Signal Processing by Lyons - Free chm, pdf ebooks rapidshare download, ebook torrents bittorrent download.<br> www.ebookee.com/Understanding-Digital-Signal-Processing-by-Lyons_81791.html - 26k - <br> RICHARD LYONS' HOME PAGE<br> 10 Dec 2008 ... Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Tel: 732-445-2390 Ext. 2393. Fax: 732-445-5530. Email: lyons [at] math [dot] rutgers [dot] edu ...<br> www.math.rutgers.edu/~lyons/ - 4k - <br> Jobs in Lyons, ks | Search all Jobs at Hound.com<br> Search for all Jobs in Lyons, ks at Hound.com. Browse best Jobs in Lyons, ks at Hound.com.<br> www.hound.com/gjsearchresult.php?q=&l=Lyons%2C+KS&js_radius=0&js_fromage= - 86k - <br> Critic Ben Lyons gets many thumbs down - Los Angeles Times<br> 28 Dec 2008 ... Is Ben Lyons the most hated film critic in America?<br> www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-ca-lyons28-2008dec28,0,3485043.story - 66k - <br> Jeremy Lyons<br> www.deltabilly.com/ - 2k - <br> Lyon Credit Services, Inc<br> Commercial collections and credit ratings, specializing in the home furnishings and gift industries.<br> www.lyoncredit.com/ - 5k - <br> Historic Site of Lyons - UNESCO World Heritage Centre<br> The long history of Lyons, which was founded by the Romans in the 1st century B.C. as the capital of the Three Gauls and has continued to play a major role ...<br> whc.unesco.org/en/list/872 - 23k - <br> Castleton Lyons<br> Full service breeding farm. Includes its history, information about stallions at stud, a current sales schedule, and a slide show. Located in Lexington.<br> www.castletonlyons.com/ - 11k - <br> The Marty Lyons Foundation<br> Fulfills the special wishes of children aged three to seventeen years old, who have been diagnosed as having a terminal or life threatening illness.<br> www.martylyonsfoundation.org/ - 13k - <br> Lyons, Jeff<br> Surreal portraits and fantasy art by Canadian artist offering original paintings and printed cards.<br> lyonsart.com/ - 13k - <br> Mitch Lyons Clay Monoprints, clay monoprint Mitch Lyons<br> An innovative process developed by Mitch Lyons, printing with clay offers an alternative in monotype. Ceramic techniques include slip trailing, stamping, ...<br> www.mitchlyons.com/ - 4k - <br> Sir Lyons likely to head BBC<br> London, March 31: Sir Michael Lyons, British Government's adviser on council tax reforms, is expected to take over as the Chairman of BBC, edging out acting ...<br> www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=84055 - 41k - <br> Faculty • Department of Philosophy at Boston University<br> David Lyons came to Boston University in 1995 from Cornell University, where he had been a ... Dr. Lyons is the recipient of numerous honors and awards, ...<br> www.bu.edu/philo/faculty/lyons.html - 21k - <br> Welcome To Lyons Classic Pinball<br> Week #5 Results and Standings:. Overall | Weekly | Game Scores. January Events:. LCP > Thursday, January 15 @ 7:30pm. Pinball (Shaker Ball) ...<br> www.lyonspinball.com/ - 11k - <br> Welcome To Rothgerber Johnson & Lyons LLP<br> Law Firm headquartered in Denver with offices in Colorado Springs, and Cheyenne, Wyoming, the firm has expertise in most major areas of law.<br> www.rothgerber.com/ - 22k - <br> LYONS<br> Steven Lyons Studio. (415)459-7560 • Welcome to the award-winning interactive and illustrative work of Bay Area designer Steven Lyons.<br> www.stevenlyons.com/ - 5k - <br> lyons Understanding Generational Differences ppt Presentation<br> 24 Feb 2008 ... Subscription of Podcast Feed lyons. Feed URL: ... Customize Embed lyons. Color Theme. Selected embed Size:. 481 x 480 ...<br> www.authorstream.com/.../Jacob-52360-lyons-Understanding-Generational-Differences-Beyond-Stereotypes-Workshop-as-E... - 123k - <br> Lyons Campus of the VA NJ Health Care System Home<br> Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System provides health care services to veterans in New Jersey.<br> www.lyons.va.gov/ - 28k - <br> Hotels in Lyons - United States | Book Lyons Hotels On Cleartrip<br> Find and compare hotels in Lyons. Cleartrip gives you the best selection of hotels in Lyons with a great range of deals and offers across resorts, spas, ...<br> www.cleartrip.com/hotels/united-states/lyons/ - 22k - <br> Lyons Wier Ortt Contemporary Art<br> 9 Jan 2009 ... Lyons Wier Ortt is a New York City Art Gallery specializing in Contemporary Modern Art and Emerging Artists.<br> Show map of 511 W 25TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001, USA<br> www.lyonswierortt.com/ - 4k - <br> Mark Lyons - Managing Director - Accenture United Kingdom Public ...<br> Mark Lyons is the managing director of Accenture's United Kingdom Public Service group.<br> www.accenture.com/Countries/UK/About_Accenture/Company_Overview/Executive.../PublicServicesMarkLyons.htm - 57k - <br> Lyons-Decatur Northeast Schools<br> Serves grades K-6 in Decatur and grades 7-12 in Lyons. Contains annual report card, calendars, staff directory, announcements, activities, and information ...<br> Show map of 400 S 5th St, Lyons, NE 68038, USA<br> www.lyonsdecaturschools.org/ - 39k - <br> Second Council of Lyons - 1274<br> Text of the Second Council, with an introduction a list of Constitutions of the Council.<br> www.papalencyclicals.net/Councils/ecum14.htm - 82k - <br> Department of Earth Sciences: Timothy Lyons<br> Gellatly, A.M., and Lyons, T.W., 2005, Trace sulfate in Mid-Proterozoic carbonates and the sulfur isotope record of biospheric evolution: Geochimica et ...<br> www.earthscience.ucr.edu/lyons.html - 18k - <br> The Lyons National Bank<br> We at Lyons National Bank chose not to participate. This was an easy decision for us for many reasons. Click here for a special message from the President ...<br> www.lyonsbank.com/ - 38k - <br> Gateway Page<br> Welcome to the Lyons' Den, home of author Brenna Lyons. NOTE: As far as I know, Mozilla is working with the site now. If you're still having problems, ...<br> www.brennalyons.com/ - 8k - <br> John Lyon's Charity -<br> Awards grants to registered charities to support education and training for young adults. Includes description of the charity, and details of grant ...<br> www.johnlyonscharity.org.uk/ - 5k - <br> The Real Dan Lyons bails on blogging | The Industry Standard<br> n550651779_987979_381.jpgFirst it was Fake Steve Jobs, now it's Real Dan Lyons. A frustrated Dan Lyons told me this afternoon that he is hanging up his ...<br> www.thestandard.com/news/2008/11/18/real-dan-lyons-quits-blogging-over-yanked-blog-post - 58k - <br> Kent Lyons<br> KentLyons - Design Agency. London based award winning design agency, specialising in branding, print, interactive, web and environmental design.<br> www.kentlyons.com/ - 10k - <br> Ted Lyons Statistics - Baseball-Reference.com<br> Ted Lyons batting, fielding and pitching major league baseball lifetime statistics for each season and his career, and a list of any post-season awards he ...<br> www.baseball-reference.com/l/lyonste01.shtml - 98k - <br> Klein Lyons | Personal Injury and Class Action Law | Vancouver ...<br> Klein Lyons has been representing personal injury victims and class action clients across Canada for more than 20 years. Over that time we have earned a ...<br> www.kleinlyons.com/ - 7k - <br> Irenaeus of Lyons<br> Irenaeus of Lyons wrote his Against Heresies c. 175-185 CE. His work is invaluable to modern scholarship in the attempt to recover the content of Gnostic ...<br> www.earlychristianwritings.com/irenaeus.html - 33k - <br> MyHorse.com | John Lyons' Perfect Horse Magazine<br> Horse magazine focused on horse training and the John Lyons' training methods and includes guest trainers and horse industry experts.<br> www.myhorse.com/magazines/perfect_horse.aspx - 57k